Many thanks to Prof. Taylor and Prof. Govindjee for your advice.
I took a closer look to the publications and could find a few bugs in my source code. Before I tried to describe the plasticity with Cauchy stresses, because these are true stresses. In doing so I made a few mistakes with the determinant of deformation gradient (det(F) and det(Fe)). After reading the books I tried to implement plasticity with Kirchhoff stresses. With this implementation I could obtain convergent solutions.
Best regards and many thanks
Sun